Explain the concept and historical background of Indian Planning. (Understand)
Concept of Indian Planning
Planning means a conscious and systematic effort by the government to utilize resources effectively.Indian Planning aims at economic growth, poverty reduction, modernization, employment generation, and social justice.
It combines economic policies + social objectives for balanced development.
Historical Background
Pre-Independence Initiatives:
1934: M. Visvesvaraya suggested the idea of economic planning in “Planned Economy for India.”
1938: National Planning Committee under Jawaharlal Nehru (setup by Congress).
1944: Bombay Plan prepared by leading industrialists (Tata, Birla, etc.).
1945: People’s Plan by M.N. Roy with focus on agriculture and consumer goods.
1946: Gandhian Plan emphasizing rural development and decentralized economy.
Post-Independence:
1950: Planning Commission was established.
1951: Launch of the First Five-Year Plan with focus on agriculture and irrigation.
Followed by a series of Five-Year Plans until 2014.
2015 onwards: Planning Commission replaced by NITI Aayog for a more flexible, cooperative federal approach.
भारतीय नियोजनाची संकल्पना व ऐतिहासिक पार्श्वभूमी स्पष्ट करा. (समजून घ्या)
भारतीय नियोजनाची संकल्पना
नियोजन म्हणजे शासनाकडून संसाधनांचा जाणीवपूर्वक आणि संगठित वापर करण्याचा प्रयत्न.भारतीय नियोजनाचे उद्दिष्ट: आर्थिक वाढ, दारिद्र्य निर्मूलन, आधुनिकीकरण, रोजगार निर्मिती व सामाजिक न्याय.
यात आर्थिक धोरणे + सामाजिक उद्दिष्टे यांचा समन्वय केला जातो.
ऐतिहासिक पार्श्वभूमी
स्वातंत्र्यपूर्व काळातील प्रयत्न:
1934: मोक्शगुंडम विश्वेश्वरय्या यांनी “Planned Economy for India” मध्ये नियोजनाचा विचार मांडला.
1938: काँग्रेसतर्फे जवाहरलाल नेहरू यांच्या अध्यक्षतेखाली राष्ट्रीय नियोजन समिती.